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Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Southern China Population
Wei Chen*, WeiQing ChenU, Hui WangU, XiuQing Dong*, Qing Hua Liu*, XueQing Yu*.
* Department of Nephrology ,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
U Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The School of Public Health of Sun Yat-Sen University

Objective
ESRD is epidemic worldwide. Progression to end-stage may be halted or slowed when kidney damage is detected at an early stage. Population-based studies relating to the prevalence of kidney damage in the community are limited in asian country, particularly in China, the country with most population. We conducted the population-based screening program in Southern China (both urban and rural areas), aiming at identifying the prevalence of CKD, preparing for further intervention study.

Methods
From July 2006 to Feb 2007, residents older than 20 years from 5 urban communities in 3 districts of Guangzhou city and 4 villages in Zhuhai city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling. All residents were interviewed and tested for morning spot dipstick of hematuria (abnormal:>1+) confirmed by urine microscopy (abnormal:>3 red blood cells/ HP); and MDRD equation estimated GFR (abnormal: <60ml/min per 1.73m2). The associations between age, gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, hyperuricemia and indicators of kidney damage were examined.

Results
Eligible data of 4641 subjects (3427 from urban area and 1214 from rural area) were enrolled in this study. After the adjustment of age and gender components, the prevelence of albuminuria was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.6%-7.1%), hematuria 5.3% (95% CI: 4.1%, 6.7%), and reduced eGFR 2.0% (95% CI: 1.6%, 3.1%). Approximately 10.6% had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were independently associated with albuminuria; gender were independently associated with hematuria; and age, gender, diabetes mellitus and hypertension with reduced eGFR.

Conclusion
In this randomly selected sample of general adult population of the Southern Chinese, 10.6% has either proteinuria, hematuria, and/or reduced eGFR, indicating the presence of kidney damage, and the awearness is 9.2%. Independent risk factors associated with kidney damage are age,diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Identifying and targeting this part of the population may provide a means to reduce the burden of ESRD in China.