2-6
CKD from healthy subjects to patients in Korea
Ho Jun Chin, Ho Cheol Song, Jang-Won Seo, Young-Joo Kwon, Jin Kuk Kim, Young-Il Jo, Dong Cheol Han, Kim Kyo Soon, Suhnggwon Kim

The Chronic Kidney Disease in subjects having a health check-up from 39 hospitals in Korea
The CKD Initiative in Korea, The Korean Society of Nephrology, Korea
Background: The prevalence of end stage renal disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in Korea. This study nationalwidely surveyed the prevalence and the associated disorders of CKD among subjects having a health check-up in general hospitals.
Methods: We included 329,581 adults aged more than 18 years who had a health check-up from 39 Korean hospitals in 2005. Clinical data such as age, gender, body weight, height, blood pressure, fasting glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, urine protein by dipstick test, and urine RBC by microscopy were collected. We selected the K/DOQI guidelines for the diagnosis of CKD and the modified MDRD equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Results: The eGFR (mean; 83.1 ml/min/1.73 m2) was decreased with aging by the rate of 4.96 [(ml/min/1.73 m2)/5 years] from 18 to 30 years and by 1.61 [(ml/min/1.73 m2)/5 years] after 30 years. The prevalences of CKD stage 1, 2, and more than 3 were 1.39%, 3.64%, and 2.67%, respectively. Significant increase of proportion of CKD in the group over age 60 yrs were founded. The CKD was associated with typical disorders of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and anemia. The frequency of hypertension or hyperuricemia was gradually increased along with increase of CKD stage. The prevalence of CKD stage more than 3 in subjects with systolic blood pressure of 90ﾕs mmHg showed 1.3 % which was the lowest value among groups stratified by systolic blood pressure. The prevalence of CKD stage more than 3 in subjects with diastolic blood pressure of 50ﾕs mmHg showed 1.5 % which was the lowest value among groups stratified by diastolic blood pressure. The risk factors related to CKD stage more than 3 were age, gender (female), hyperuricemia, body mass index, serum cholesterol, hematuria and proteinuria.
Conclusions: The mean eGFR of subjects having a health check-up in Korea was lower than Western people. The prevalence of CKD stage more than 3 was 2.67% in this survey.

The prevalence and the associated disorders of chronic kidney disease
in the elderly population of Seongnam city, Korea
Background: This study investigated the prevalence, associated disorders, and risk factors of CKD and the status of suitable control for blood pressure and blood glucose in residents, aged more than 65 years, of Seongnam city, Kyeongki province, Korea.
Methods: This study was conducted as a part of Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA), a population-based prospective cohort study of health, aging, and common geriatric diseases in the Korean aged 65 years and over. The baseline study of KLoSHA was conducted from August 2005 through September 2006 in Seongnam, a satellite city of Seoul in Korea. The total population of Seongnam was 931,019, and 6.6% of the population was aged 65 and older. A simple random sample (1,118 persons) was drawn from a roster of 61,730 persons aged 65 and older who were resident in Seongnam on August 1, 2005. We selected K/DOQI guideline for diagnosis of CKD. We used the modified MDRD equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Results: The mean eGFR was 60.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and decreased with aging. The prevalence of CKD stage 1, stage 2, and stage more than 3 was 0.2%, 8.0%, and 48.5%, respectively. The prevalence of CKD was higher in subjects with hypertension or diabetes mellitus than in subjects without it. The CKD was correlated with disorders of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. The frequency of adequate control of blood pressure and blood glucose in subjects with CKD was not more than in subjects without CKD. The risk factors related to estimated GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were female and the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions: The prevalence of CKD was about 50% in aged people in Seongnam city. The blood pressure and the blood glucose which were the most common risk factors to renal progression were not adequately controlled in subjects with CKD. We should pay more attention to diagnose CKD and to treat the associated disorders of CKD for preventing renal functional deterioration to end stage renal disease.