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The Incidence and Trend of Chronic Renal Diseases in Mongolia
Kh. Gelegjamts_, G. Uranchimeg, N. Nyamdari_, D. Enkhzaya_
_ Department of Nephrology, Health Science University of Mongolia (HSUM), Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
_ Pediatric Department, HSUM
_ Nephrology Department, 3rd Clinical Hospital,

The incidence of chronic kidney diseases is relatively high in Mongolia and could be related to cold weather, poor labour conditions, and high fertility rate. The health statistics indicates that the renal diseases take the third place behind respiratory and gastro-intestinal diseases as the causes of morbidity.
A statistical review of patients treated in hospital between 2002 and 2005 showed that the number of registered cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and other glomerular diseases was 5,284 and 3,187 per year respectively at the national level. Women made up a majority (54.8-58.8 %) of these patients. About 61.1 percent of all patients were under 40 years of age. A total of 852 cases developed chronic renal failure in 2002 and 497 in 2005. Among the patients with renal failure, there were 404 and 249 women in 2002 and 2005 respectively. Among the chronic kidney diseases (CKD), nephrolitiasis makes up a significant percentage. In 2002, 498 patients suffering from nephrolitiasis were treated and it increased to 587 cases in 2005.

Hemodialysis has been available in Mongolia for over 30 years. In 2005, a total of 65 patients underwent hemodialysis treatment; 39 of them had end stage renal failure (ESRF). In 2006, out of 92 hemodialysis patients, 57 had ESRF. The mortality of ESRF patients was 25.6 percent in 2004 and 29.8 percent in 2005. In the last seven years, nearly 70 patients with ESRF have received kidney transplantation. Out of these, six patients underwent transplantation surgery in Mongolia and the rest traveled to China.

Conclusion. We found that young people and women of reproductive age made up the majority of CKD population. Nearly 70 percent of ESRF patients suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. However, the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and the growing number of its complications are expected to increase the incidence of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

Because of lack of diagnostic facilities, especially in rural areas, the prevalence of CKD in Mongolia cannot be determined accurately. There is a need to conduct a survey of renal diseases among the population to determine the prevalence of CKD in Mongolia. The increasing number of ESRF patients demands improvement in diagnostic facilities, introduction of modern technologies for appropriate treatment and training of nephrologists, in collaboration with specialists from other countries.