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Detection of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in Beijing
Luxia Zhang1, Puhong Zhang2, Fang Wang1, Zuo Li1, Haiyan Wang1
1Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
2Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Background.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes a substantial burden on life expectancy, quality of life and healthcare expenditure. Studies to determine the prevalence and associated factors of individuals with early stage of CKD in developing countries, especially in China, are very limited.

Methods.
A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit a representable sample of subjects aged 18 years or older in Beijing. The sample size was estimated to be 16,000. All participants were tested for albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min/m2, hematuria and pyuria. The associations between demographic characteristics, health characteristics and indicators of kidney damage were examined.

Results.
Complete data were obtained in 13,925 cases. The average age was 46.0ｱ13.6 years. Albuminuria was detected in 5.6% of subjects; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min/m2 was found in 1.7% of subjects; hematuria was found in 3.5%. Approximately 9.3% of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. The awareness rate of CKD was 8.7%. Factors related to CKD were diabetes (OR=1.597), female gender (OR=1.469), central obesity (OR=1.126), level of triglycerides (OR=1.083), older age (OR=1.016) and level of systolic blood pressure (OR=1.011).

Conclusion.
The prevalence and associated factors for CKD in this sample of Beijing citizens are comparable to those of developed countries.

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